1. Cov hlau yog feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntshiab tooj liab thiab txhuas; tooj dag thiab oxygen- tooj liab dawb yog siv tsawg dua.
2. Ntshiab tooj liab yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov hlau vim nws cov hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab thermal conductivity.
3. Brass yog ib qho alloy ntawm zinc thiab tooj liab; thaum nws muaj elasticity zoo, nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity kuj tsis zoo, yog li nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv xws li cov qhov (sockets) thiab cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg.
4. Oxygen- tooj liab dawb yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab uas muaj cov pa oxygen tsawg heev; nws nta zoo heev conductivity thiab siab zog tab sis los ntawm tus nqi siab dua, ua rau nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev twj uas airtightness thiab nqus tsev vacuum yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev.
5. Nyob rau hauv siab - cov khoom siv suab kawg, kev siv cov pa oxygen- cov xov tooj liab dawb qhia txog kev ua lag luam zoo tshaj plaws thiab muab kev ua tau zoo dua, txawm hais tias nws qhov kev siv ntim tseem tsawg.
6. Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab, txhuas tau keeb kwm siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txawm tias txhuas muaj qhov tsis zoo conductivity thiab lub zog piv rau copp.
